プリンキピア

第30章植物の形態と生理

Leaf Adaptations葉の適応

Coniferous plant species that thrive in cold environments, like spruce, fir, and pine, have leaves that are reduced in size and needle-like in appearance. These needle-like leaves have sunken stomata and a smaller surface area: two attributes that aid in reducing water loss. In hot climates, plants such as cacti have leaves that are reduced to spines, which in combination with their succulent stems, help to conserve water. Many aquatic plants have leaves with wide lamina that can float on the surface of the water, and a thick waxy cuticle on the leaf surface that repels water.
英語のヒント
トウヒ、モミ、マツのように寒冷な環境でよく育つ針葉樹の葉は、小さくなり、針のような外観をもつ。この針状の葉には、くぼんだ気孔と小さな表面積という、水分の損失を減らす二つの特徴がある。暑い気候では、サボテンなどの葉は棘に縮小し、多肉質の茎と組み合わさって、水の保持を助ける。多くの水生植物には、水面に浮かべる幅広い葉身と、水をはじく厚い蝋状のクチクラが葉の表面にある。