プリンキピア

第8章完全競争

Introduction to Perfect Competition完全競争への導入

大豆畑で植物を調べる農学者と農業者の写真。

Depending on the competition and prices offered, a soybean farmer may choose to grow a different crop. (Credit: modification “Agronomist & Farmer Inspecting Weeds” by United Soybean Board/Flickr, CC BY 2.0) · CC BY 2.0 · Source出典

Figure 8.1図 8.1
Depending on the competition and prices offered, a soybean farmer may choose to grow a different crop. (Credit: modification “Agronomist & Farmer Inspecting Weeds” by United Soybean Board/Flickr, CC BY 2.0)
英語のヒント
競争と提示される価格に応じて、大豆農家は別の作物を栽培することを選ぶかもしれない。(クレジット:United Soybean Board/Flickrによる「Agronomist & Farmer Inspecting Weeds」を改変、CC BY 2.0)
Learning Objectives学習目標
Most businesses face two realities: no one is required to buy their products, and even customers who might want those products may buy from other businesses instead. Firms that operate in perfectly competitive markets face this reality. In this chapter, you will learn how such firms make decisions about how much to produce, how much profit they make, whether to stay in business or not, and many others. Industries differ from one another in terms of how many sellers there are in a specific market, how easy or difficult it is for a new firm to enter, and the type of products that they sell. Economists refer to this as an industry's market structure. In this chapter, we focus on perfect competition. However, in other chapters we will examine other industry types: Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly.
英語のヒント
大半の企業は二つの現実に直面する。誰にも自社製品を買う義務はなく、欲しいと思う顧客でさえ他社から買うかもしれない。完全競争市場の企業もこの現実に直面する。本章では、生産量、得られる利潤、事業を続けるかどうかなどをどう決めるか学ぶ。産業は、特定市場の売り手の数、新規企業の参入の難易度、製品の種類によって異なる。これを産業の市場構造と呼ぶ。本章は完全競争に注目する。他の章では「独占」と「独占的競争と寡占」という別の産業形態を調べる。