まえがき
Questions for each level of learning学習段階に応じた問題
Principles of Economics 3e offers flexibility in practice and assessment, and provides a range of opportunities to check understanding and encourage deeper thinking and application.
英語のヒント
『経済学原理 第3版』は、練習や評価の方法を柔軟に選べるようにし、理解を確かめ、より深く考えて応用するためのさまざまな機会を提供する。
- Self-Checks are analytical self-assessment questions that appear at the end of each module. They “click to reveal” an answer in the web view so students can check their understanding before moving on to the next module. Self-Check questions are not simple look-up questions. They push the student to think beyond what is said in the text. Self-Check questions are designed for formative (rather than summative) assessment. The questions and answers are explained so that students feel like they are being walked through the problem.
英語のヒント
理解度確認問題は、各項目の末尾にある分析的な自己評価問題である。ウェブ版ではクリックすると解答が表示され、次の項目に進む前に理解を確かめられる。単に本文を調べれば答えが見つかる問題ではなく、本文で述べられたことを超えて考えるよう促す。学習の最終成果を測る総括的評価ではなく、学習過程を支える形成的評価のために設計されている。問題と解答には、一緒に問題を解き進めているように感じられる説明を付けている。 - Review Questions are simple recall questions from the chapter in open-response format (not multiple choice or true/false). The answers can be looked up in the text.
英語のヒント
復習問題は、章で学んだ内容を思い出すための簡単な記述式問題であり、多肢選択式や正誤式ではない。答えは本文で調べられる。 - Critical Thinking Questions are higher-level, conceptual questions that ask students to demonstrate their understanding by applying what they have learned in different contexts.
英語のヒント
考察問題は、学んだことを異なる状況に応用して理解を示す、より高度で概念的な問題である。 - Problems are exercises that give students additional practice working with the analytic and computational concepts in the module.
英語のヒント
問題は、その項目で扱った分析や計算の概念を用いる追加の練習である。
OpenStax is retiring Principles of Microeconomics and Principles of Macroeconomics for AP textbooks because they are outdated. We recommend that Advanced Placement instructors and students use the college-level textbooks.
英語のヒント
OpenStaxは、内容が古くなったため、AP向けの『ミクロ経済学原理』と『マクロ経済学原理』を廃止する。アドバンスト・プレースメントの教員と学生には、大学向けの教科書を使うことを勧める。
About the Authors著者について
Senior contributing authors主な執筆者
David Shapiro, Pennsylvania State University
David Shapiro is Professor Emeritus of Economics, Demography, and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at the Pennsylvania State University. He received a BA in economics and political science from the University of Michigan, and an MA as well as a PhD in economics from Princeton University. He began his academic career at Ohio State University in 1971, and moved to Penn State in 1980. His early research focused on women and youth in the United States labor market. Following a 1978–79 stint as a Fulbright professor at the University of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, his research shifted focus to fertility in Kinshasa and more broadly, in sub-Saharan Africa. He has also received the top prize for teaching at both Ohio State and Penn State.
David Shapiro is Professor Emeritus of Economics, Demography, and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at the Pennsylvania State University. He received a BA in economics and political science from the University of Michigan, and an MA as well as a PhD in economics from Princeton University. He began his academic career at Ohio State University in 1971, and moved to Penn State in 1980. His early research focused on women and youth in the United States labor market. Following a 1978–79 stint as a Fulbright professor at the University of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, his research shifted focus to fertility in Kinshasa and more broadly, in sub-Saharan Africa. He has also received the top prize for teaching at both Ohio State and Penn State.
英語のヒント
デイヴィッド・シャピロ（ペンシルベニア州立大学）デイヴィッド・シャピロは、ペンシルベニア州立大学の経済学、人口学、女性・ジェンダー・セクシュアリティ研究の名誉教授である。ミシガン大学で経済学と政治学の学士号を取得し、プリンストン大学で経済学の修士号と博士号を取得した。1971年にオハイオ州立大学で研究・教育活動を始め、1980年にペンシルベニア州立大学へ移った。初期の研究は、米国の労働市場における女性と若者に焦点を当てていた。1978～79年にフルブライト教授としてコンゴ民主共和国のキンシャサ大学に滞在した後、研究の中心をキンシャサ、さらに広くサハラ以南アフリカの出生率へ移した。オハイオ州立大学とペンシルベニア州立大学の両校で、教育に対する最高の賞も受賞している。
Daniel MacDonald, California State University, San Bernardino
Professor Daniel MacDonald is the Chair of the Economics Department at California State University, San Bernardino. He earned his BA in mathematics and economics from Seton Hall University in 2007 and his economics PhD from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2013. Macdonald conducts economic research in labor economics, public policy (housing), and the economic history of the U.S. Consulting. He is also the author of the weekly Inland Empire Economic Update newsletter, which he started in 2021.
Professor Daniel MacDonald is the Chair of the Economics Department at California State University, San Bernardino. He earned his BA in mathematics and economics from Seton Hall University in 2007 and his economics PhD from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2013. Macdonald conducts economic research in labor economics, public policy (housing), and the economic history of the U.S. Consulting. He is also the author of the weekly Inland Empire Economic Update newsletter, which he started in 2021.
英語のヒント
ダニエル・マクドナルド（カリフォルニア州立大学サンバーナーディーノ校）ダニエル・マクドナルド教授は、カリフォルニア州立大学サンバーナーディーノ校の経済学科長である。2007年にシートン・ホール大学で数学と経済学の学士号を、2013年にマサチューセッツ大学アマースト校で経済学の博士号を取得した。労働経済学、住宅に関する公共政策、米国の経済史について経済研究を行い、コンサルティングにも携わっている。2021年に発行を始めた週刊ニュースレター『Inland Empire Economic Update』の著者でもある。
Steven A. Greenlaw, Professor Emeritus at University of Mary Washington
Steven Greenlaw taught principles of economics for 39 years. In 1999, he received the Grellet C. Simpson Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching at the University of Mary Washington. He is the author of Doing Economics: A Guide to Doing and Understanding Economic Research, as well as a variety of articles on economics pedagogy and instructional technology, published in the Journal of Economic Education, the International Review of Economic Education, and other outlets. He wrote the module on Quantitative Writing for Starting Point: Teaching and Learning Economics, the web portal on best practices in teaching economics. Steven Greenlaw lives in Alexandria, Virginia with his wife Kathy. Since retiring from full-time teaching, he has been doing faculty development work and other writing projects.
Steven Greenlaw taught principles of economics for 39 years. In 1999, he received the Grellet C. Simpson Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching at the University of Mary Washington. He is the author of Doing Economics: A Guide to Doing and Understanding Economic Research, as well as a variety of articles on economics pedagogy and instructional technology, published in the Journal of Economic Education, the International Review of Economic Education, and other outlets. He wrote the module on Quantitative Writing for Starting Point: Teaching and Learning Economics, the web portal on best practices in teaching economics. Steven Greenlaw lives in Alexandria, Virginia with his wife Kathy. Since retiring from full-time teaching, he has been doing faculty development work and other writing projects.
英語のヒント
スティーヴン・A・グリーンロー（メアリー・ワシントン大学名誉教授）スティーヴン・グリーンローは39年間、経済学原理を教えた。1999年には、メアリー・ワシントン大学で学部教育の卓越性に対するグレレット・C・シンプソン賞を受賞した。『Doing Economics: A Guide to Doing and Understanding Economic Research』を執筆し、経済学教育や教育技術に関するさまざまな論文を『Journal of Economic Education』『International Review of Economic Education』などに発表している。経済学教育の優れた実践を紹介するウェブサイト『Starting Point: Teaching and Learning Economics』では、数量を扱う文章の書き方についての教材を執筆した。妻キャシーとともにバージニア州アレクサンドリアに暮らす。常勤の教育職を退いてからは、教員の能力開発とその他の執筆活動に取り組んでいる。
Contributing authors執筆協力者
Eric Dodge, Hanover College
Cynthia Gamez, University of Texas at El Paso
Andres Jauregui, Columbus State University
Diane Keenan, Cerritos College
Amyaz Moledina, The College of Wooster
Craig Richardson, Winston-Salem State University
Ralph Sonenshine, American University
Cynthia Gamez, University of Texas at El Paso
Andres Jauregui, Columbus State University
Diane Keenan, Cerritos College
Amyaz Moledina, The College of Wooster
Craig Richardson, Winston-Salem State University
Ralph Sonenshine, American University
Eric Dodge（ハノーバー・カレッジ）Cynthia Gamez（テキサス大学エルパソ校）Andres Jauregui（コロンバス州立大学）Diane Keenan（セリトス・カレッジ）Amyaz Moledina（ウースター大学）Craig Richardson（ウィンストン・セーラム州立大学）Ralph Sonenshine（アメリカン大学）
Reviewers査読者
Bryan Aguiar, Northwest Arkansas Community College
Basil Al Hashimi, Mesa Community College
Emil Berendt, Mount St. Mary's University
Zena Buser, Adams State University
Douglas Campbell, The University of Memphis
Sanjukta Chaudhuri, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire
Xueyu Cheng, Alabama State University
Robert Cunningham, Alma College
Rosa Lea Danielson, College of DuPage
Steven Deloach, Elon University
Michael Enz, Framingham State University
Debbie Evercloud, University of Colorado Denver
Reza Ghorashi, Stockton University
Robert Gillette, University of Kentucky
Shaomin Huang, Lewis-Clark State College
George Jones, University of Wisconsin-Rock County
Charles Kroncke, College of Mount St. Joseph
Teresa Laughlin, Palomar Community College
Carlos Liard-Muriente, Central Connecticut State University
Heather Luea, Kansas State University
Steven Lugauer, University of Notre Dame
William Mosher, Nashua Community College
Michael Netta, Hudson County Community College
Nick Noble, Miami University
Joe Nowakowski, Muskingum University
Shawn Osell, University of Wisconsin-Superior
Mark Owens, Middle Tennessee State University
Sonia Pereira, Barnard College
Jennifer Platania, Elon University
Robert Rycroft, University of Mary Washington
Adrienne Sachse, Florida State College at Jacksonville
Hans Schumann, Texas A&M University
Gina Shamshak, Goucher College
Chris Warburton, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY
Mark Witte, Northwestern University
Basil Al Hashimi, Mesa Community College
Emil Berendt, Mount St. Mary's University
Zena Buser, Adams State University
Douglas Campbell, The University of Memphis
Sanjukta Chaudhuri, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire
Xueyu Cheng, Alabama State University
Robert Cunningham, Alma College
Rosa Lea Danielson, College of DuPage
Steven Deloach, Elon University
Michael Enz, Framingham State University
Debbie Evercloud, University of Colorado Denver
Reza Ghorashi, Stockton University
Robert Gillette, University of Kentucky
Shaomin Huang, Lewis-Clark State College
George Jones, University of Wisconsin-Rock County
Charles Kroncke, College of Mount St. Joseph
Teresa Laughlin, Palomar Community College
Carlos Liard-Muriente, Central Connecticut State University
Heather Luea, Kansas State University
Steven Lugauer, University of Notre Dame
William Mosher, Nashua Community College
Michael Netta, Hudson County Community College
Nick Noble, Miami University
Joe Nowakowski, Muskingum University
Shawn Osell, University of Wisconsin-Superior
Mark Owens, Middle Tennessee State University
Sonia Pereira, Barnard College
Jennifer Platania, Elon University
Robert Rycroft, University of Mary Washington
Adrienne Sachse, Florida State College at Jacksonville
Hans Schumann, Texas A&M University
Gina Shamshak, Goucher College
Chris Warburton, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, CUNY
Mark Witte, Northwestern University
Bryan Aguiar（ノースウェスト・アーカンソー・コミュニティ・カレッジ）Basil Al Hashimi（メサ・コミュニティ・カレッジ）Emil Berendt（マウント・セント・メアリーズ大学）Zena Buser（アダムズ州立大学）Douglas Campbell（メンフィス大学）Sanjukta Chaudhuri（ウィスコンシン大学オークレア校）Xueyu Cheng（アラバマ州立大学）Robert Cunningham（アルマ・カレッジ）Rosa Lea Danielson（デュページ大学）Steven Deloach（イーロン大学）Michael Enz（フレーミングハム州立大学）Debbie Evercloud（コロラド大学デンバー校）Reza Ghorashi（ストックトン大学）Robert Gillette（ケンタッキー大学）Shaomin Huang（ルイス・クラーク州立大学）George Jones（ウィスコンシン大学ロック・カウンティ校）Charles Kroncke（マウント・セント・ジョセフ大学）Teresa Laughlin（パロマー・カレッジ）Carlos Liard-Muriente（セントラル・コネチカット州立大学）Heather Luea（カンザス州立大学）Steven Lugauer（ノートルダム大学）William Mosher（ナシュア・コミュニティ・カレッジ）Michael Netta（ハドソン・カウンティ・コミュニティ・カレッジ）Nick Noble（マイアミ大学）Joe Nowakowski（マスキンガム大学）Shawn Osell（ウィスコンシン大学スペリオル校）Mark Owens（ミドル・テネシー州立大学）Sonia Pereira（バーナード・カレッジ）Jennifer Platania（イーロン大学）Robert Rycroft（メアリー・ワシントン大学）Adrienne Sachse（フロリダ州立大学ジャクソンビル校）Hans Schumann（テキサスA&M大学）Gina Shamshak（ガウチャー・カレッジ）Chris Warburton（ニューヨーク市立大学ジョン・ジェイ刑事司法カレッジ）Mark Witte（ノースウェスタン大学）