第14章冷戦期の紛争Cold War Conflicts

In 1949, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) led by Mao Zedong defeated the Guomindang (GMD, the Nationalists) led by Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) and founded the People’s Republic of China, which the United States refused to recognize. Communism spread elsewhere in Asia as well. In 1950, the communist leader of North Korea invaded South Korea and called on the Chinese to help him defeat South Korean and UN forces led by the United States. Communists also assumed power in North Vietnam after Vietnam was divided following a war of independence with France. The United States, in an effort to stop the further spread of communism, supported South Vietnam as it had South Korea, while China and the Soviet Union gave aid to North Vietnam. Within China itself, people struggled to industrialize the nation under Mao. Many died in the resulting famine and in the Cultural Revolution that followed.

1949年、毛沢東率いる中国共産党は、蒋介石率いる中国国民党を破って中華人民共和国を成立させたが、アメリカは承認を拒んだ。アジアの他の地域にも共産主義は広がった。1950年、北朝鮮の共産主義指導者は韓国へ侵攻し、韓国軍とアメリカ率いる国連軍を倒すため中国へ援助を求めた。フランスとの独立戦争後に分割されたベトナムでも、北では共産主義者が権力を握った。アメリカは共産主義のさらなる拡大を防ぐため、韓国と同様に南ベトナムを支援し、中国とソ連は北ベトナムを援助した。中国国内では、毛のもとで工業化を進めようと人々が苦闘した。その結果起きた飢饉と、後の文化大革命で、多くの人が死亡した。