We have studied several methods for finding the volume of a solid of revolution, but how do we know which method to use? It often comes down to a choice of which integral is easiest to evaluate. Figure 6.34 describes the different approaches for solids of revolution around the It’s up to you to develop the analogous table for solids of revolution around the
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Figure 6.34図 6.34
Let’s take a look at a couple of additional problems and decide on the best approach to take for solving them.
さらに2問を見て、どの方法が適しているか考えよう。
Example 6.17例題 6.17
Selecting the Best Method適した方法を選ぶ
For each of the following problems, select the best method to find the volume of a solid of revolution generated by revolving the given region around the and set up the integral to find the volume (do not evaluate the integral).
First, sketch the region and the solid of revolution as shown.
まず、図のように領域と回転体の概形を描く。
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Figure 6.35図 6.35
(a) The region bounded by two lines and the (b) The solid of revolution generated by revolving about the
(a) 2本の直線とで囲まれた領域。(b) をの周りに回転させてできる回転体。
Looking at the region, if we want to integrate with respect to we would have to break the integral into two pieces, because we have different functions bounding the region over and In this case, using the disk method, we would have
If we used the shell method instead, we would use functions of to represent the curves, producing
円筒殻法を使うなら、曲線をの関数で表して、次のようにする。
Neither of these integrals is particularly onerous, but since the shell method requires only one integral, and the integrand requires less simplification, we should probably go with the shell method in this case.
First, sketch the region and the solid of revolution as shown.
まず、図のように領域と回転体の概形を描く。
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Figure 6.36図 6.36
(a) The region between the curve and the (b) The solid of revolution generated by revolving about the
(a) 曲線との間にある領域。(b) をの周りに回転させてできる回転体。
Looking at the region, it would be problematic to define a horizontal rectangle; the region is bounded on the left and right by the same function. Therefore, we can dismiss the method of shells. The solid has no cavity in the middle, so we can use the method of disks. Then
水平な長方形を使おうとすると、左右の境界が同じ放物線の別々の枝になるため、x を y の関数として2通りに表す必要がある。この手間を避け、円筒殻法ではなく円板法を選ぼう。立体の中心に空洞はないので、体積は次式で求められる。
Key Concepts重要な概念
The method of cylindrical shells is another method for using a definite integral to calculate the volume of a solid of revolution. This method is sometimes preferable to either the method of disks or the method of washers because we integrate with respect to the other variable. In some cases, one integral is substantially more complicated than the other.
The geometry of the functions and the difficulty of the integration are the main factors in deciding which integration method to use.
方法を選ぶ際の主な判断材料は、関数のグラフが作る形と、積分の計算の難しさである。
Key Equations重要な式
Method of Cylindrical Shells
円筒殻法
Exercises 114–119練習問題 114–119
For the following exercises, find the volume generated when the region between the two curves is rotated around the given axis. Use both the shell method and the washer method. Use technology to graph the functions and draw a typical slice by hand.
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Exercise 116問題 116
[T] Bounded by the curves rotated around the
[T] 曲線 で囲まれた領域を のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 117問題 117
[T] Bounded by the curves rotated around the
[T] 曲線 で囲まれた領域を のまわりに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercise 118問題 118
[T] Bounded by the curves rotated around the
[T] 曲線 で囲まれた領域を のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 119問題 119
[T] Bounded by the curves rotated around the
[T] 曲線 で囲まれた領域を のまわりに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercises 120–129練習問題 120–129
For the following exercises, use shells to find the volumes of the given solids. Note that the rotated regions lie between the curve and the and are rotated around the
次の各問では、円筒殻法で立体の体積を求めよ。曲線との間の領域を、の周りに回転させる。
Exercise 120問題 120
Exercise 121問題 121
Solution解き方
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Exercise 122問題 122
Exercise 123問題 123
Solution解き方
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Exercise 124問題 124
Exercise 125問題 125
Solution解き方
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Exercise 126問題 126
Exercise 127問題 127
Solution解き方
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Exercise 128問題 128
Exercise 129問題 129
Solution解き方
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Exercises 130–139練習問題 130–139
For the following exercises, use shells to find the volume generated by rotating the regions between the given curve and around the
次の各問では、与えられた曲線との間の領域をの周りに回転させる。円筒殻法で体積を求めよ。
Exercise 130問題 130
and the x-axis
と x 軸。
Exercise 131問題 131
and the x-axis
と x 軸。
Solution解き方
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Exercise 132問題 132
and the x-axis
と x 軸。
Exercise 133問題 133
and the x-axis
と x 軸。
Solution解き方
Exercise 134問題 134
Exercise 135問題 135
and the y-axis
と y 軸。
Solution解き方
Exercise 136問題 136
Exercise 137問題 137
Solution解き方
Exercise 138問題 138
and the x-axis
と x 軸。
Exercise 139問題 139
Solution解き方
Exercises 140–149練習問題 140–149
For the following exercises, find the volume generated when the region between the curves is rotated around the given axis.
次の各問では、曲線間の領域を指定された軸の周りに回転させたときの体積を求めよ。
Exercise 140問題 140
rotated around the
を のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 141問題 141
rotated around the
を のまわりに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercise 142問題 142
rotated around the
を のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 143問題 143
rotated around the line
を直線 のまわりに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercise 144問題 144
rotated around the line
を直線 のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 145問題 145
rotated around the
を のまわりに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercise 146問題 146
rotated around the line
を直線 のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 147問題 147
rotated around the
を のまわりに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercise 148問題 148
rotated around the line
を直線 のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 149問題 149
[T] Left of right of around the
[T] の左側、の右側の領域を、の周りに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercises 150–157練習問題 150–157
For the following exercises, use technology to graph the region. Determine which method you think would be easiest to use to calculate the volume generated when the function is rotated around the specified axis. Then, use your chosen method to find the volume.
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Exercise 152問題 152
[T] rotated around the
[T] を のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 153問題 153
[T] rotated around the
[T] を のまわりに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercise 154問題 154
[T] rotated around the
[T] を のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 155問題 155
[T] rotated around the
[T] を のまわりに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercise 156問題 156
[T] and rotated around the
[T] と で囲まれた領域を のまわりに回転させる。
Exercise 157問題 157
[T] rotated around the
[T] を のまわりに回転させる。
Solution解き方
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Exercises 158–164練習問題 158–164
For the following exercises, use the method of shells to approximate the volumes of some common objects, which are pictured in accompanying figures.
次の各問では、図に示す身近な物の形をモデル化し、円筒殻法で体積を求めよ。
Exercise 158問題 158
Use the method of shells to find the volume of a sphere of radius
円筒殻法を使って、半径の球の体積を求めよ。
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Exercise 159問題 159
Use the method of shells to find the volume of a cone with radius and height
円筒殻法を使って、半径、高さの円錐の体積を求めよ。
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Solution解き方
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Exercise 160問題 160
Use the method of shells to find the volume of an ellipsoid rotated around the
楕円の内部をの周りに回転させてできる回転楕円体の体積を、円筒殻法で求めよ。
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Exercise 161問題 161
Use the method of shells to find the volume of a cylinder with radius and height
円筒殻法を使って、半径、高さの円柱の体積を求めよ。
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Solution解き方
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Exercise 162問題 162
Use the method of shells to find the volume of the donut created when the circle is rotated around the line
円の内部を直線の周りに回転させてできるドーナツ形の立体の体積を、円筒殻法で求めよ。
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Exercise 163問題 163
Consider he region enclosed by the graphs of and What is the volume of the solid generated when this region is rotated around the Assume that the function is defined over the interval
Consider the function which decreases from to Set up the integrals for determining the volume, using both the shell method and the disk method, of the solid generated when this region, with and is rotated around the Prove that both methods approximate the same volume. Which method is easier to apply? (Hint: Since is one-to-one, there exists an inverse
a method of calculating the volume of a solid of revolution by dividing the solid into nested cylindrical shells; this method is different from the methods of disks or washers in that we integrate with respect to the opposite variable