第10章工業化世界の生活と労働Life and Labor in the Industrial World

By the end of the nineteenth century, cities in industrialized nations were filled with people in search of work. These cities offered many benefits. For those who preferred high culture, plays, concerts, operas, and ballets were regularly staged. Music halls, arcades, and burlesque shows catered to the popular taste, as did amusement parks. Libraries and parks were open to everyone. Department stores gave people the opportunity to buy the latest fashions—or to dream about them through the window.

19世紀末までに、工業国の都市には仕事を探す人々があふれた。都市は多くの利点を提供した。高級文化を好む人々には、演劇、コンサート、オペラ、バレエが定期的に上演された。ミュージックホール、遊戯場、バーレスクのショー、そして遊園地は、大衆の好みに応じた。図書館と公園は誰にでも開かれていた。百貨店は、最新の流行品を買う機会、あるいは窓越しに夢見る機会を人々に与えた。

There were negative aspects to city life as well. Housing, especially for immigrants and the working class, was usually overcrowded, and rooms often lacked fresh air and sunlight. Both the water and the air in industrial cities were polluted, and infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis were common. Poverty drove many to drink, and some women resorted to prostitution to survive. The literature and art produced by romantics, realists, and naturalists depicted all aspects of life in the industrial age.

都市生活には否定的な側面もあった。特に移民や労働者階級の住宅は通常過密で、部屋には新鮮な空気や日光が欠けることが多かった。工業都市では水も空気も汚染され、コレラや結核などの感染症が一般的だった。貧困は多くの人を飲酒へ追いやり、生き延びるため売春に頼る女性もいた。ロマン主義者、写実主義者、自然主義者による文学や美術は、工業化時代の生活のあらゆる面を描いた。