第14章サイバー資源の品質とサイバーコンピューティングのガバナンス

Ecosystems that incorporate 3-D modeling are faced with many different challenges. To apply the TOGAF reference model to the problem, all of the qualities of concern are as follows:

• Graphics and images: Cloud computing has provided a storage medium for graphics and images, but the quality of the images based on their resolution is challenging. For AR/VR platforms, the images need to be of high resolution, which leads to more storage and lower transmission rates.

• Data management: The pure amount of data to create 3-D modeling is immense. The data collected for AR/VR to be successful requires more storage and memory within machines. The fastest Internet connections are needed for data transmissions, and archival procedures must be implemented for the data system’s lifetime.

• Data interchange: As with data management, data interchange struggles with the transmission speeds of large 3-D models and the physical hardware found within the different AR/VR systems platforms. Since no complicated platforms are required, the data interchange must be universal.

• User interface: This is paired with graphics and images, but there is an aspect that is a different challenge. The ease of use is a challenge with 3-D modeling. The user interface must be seamless for the AR/VR to work properly. The user must be able to interact with objects appropriately rendered, and the user interface must be life-like.

• International operations: This area is a serious challenge with 3-D modeling, and it comes in the form of symbolism and color coding. In different countries and different cultures, symbols have different meanings. With 3-D modeling, where every country in the world is interacting with the metaverse, all software must be interoperable. Each country involved in the metaverse will have different data storage and security standards.

• Location and directory: Working with data management, location data, and directory information is always challenging. If two software development companies collaborate and create 3-D models that hold user data or geo-record, then storing that information is challenging for the system.

8 A. H. Najmi, W. S. Alhalafawy, & M. Z. T. Zaki, “Developing a sustainable environment based on augmented reality to educate adolescents about the dangers of electronic gaming addiction,” Sustainability, 15 no. 4, pp. 3185. January 19, 2023. doi: 10.3390/ su15043185. [Online].

• Security: The risks and challenges associated with security are some of the most difficult to identify and detect. Many companies are creating 3-D models for other entities to use. These models are not always verified, and penetration testing is not always performed on each 3-D model. If multiple 3-D models are incorporated into different companies’ systems, then the security concerns escalate. Security seems to be an afterthought based on performance and system requirements.

• Software engineering: This area of the TOGAF deals with skills in different 3-D modeling software. Many HTML or scripting languages cannot do proper 3-D rendering; therefore, the software engineer needs special skills to develop the models correctly and with proper aesthetics for the platforms and worlds they will be used within.

• System and network management: The challenges are related to communications and interoperability. Since there is no requirement on what hardware or technology can be used to interface with the metaverse, network management is crucial. The communication needed to transfer 3-D models between AR/VR nodes is important, and the system resources will be challenged to perform these transfers properly. The metaverse is not housed on one computer and the bandwidth needed to transfer the large amounts of data needed for 3-D modeling will always be challenging.

The TOGAF and the TRM provide a good framework for analyzing most system challenges. Analyzing 3-D modeling is similar to analyzing any resources needed for the metaverse. For instance, besides 3-D modeling, there is a large language barrier in the metaverse, and each of the qualities of the TOGAF can also be used to analyze such barriers.