第2章批判的思考と調査・読解・論文執筆Critical Thinking, Research, Reading, and Writing

Summaryまとめ

Most philosophy papers require students to produce an argument in support of a claim about the readings in philosophy class. The first and most important step to writing a good argumentative paper is to find a clear, defensible thesis. The next step is to construct an argument using evidence from assigned readings and external research, original arguments, and applied cases. However, the goal of writing in philosophy is to approach truth, not just to win an argument.

ほとんどの哲学の論文では、授業で読んだものについての主張を支持する論証を、学生が作ることを求められる。よい論証型の論文を書くための最初の、そして最も重要な段階は、明確で擁護できる中心命題を見つけることである。次の段階は、指定された読書資料や外部調査の証拠、独自の論証、応用事例を使って論証を組み立てることである。しかし、哲学で書くことの目標は、ただ議論に勝つことではなく、真理に近づくことである。

Review Questions復習問題

What is a thesis statement, and how should you go about developing a thesis statement for your papers?

中心命題文とは何か。また、論文の中心命題文を、どのように作っていくべきだろうか。

Further Readingさらに読むために

Benson, Buster. 2016. “Cognitive Bias Cheat Sheet.” Better Humans. September 1, 2016. https://medium.com/better-humans/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet-55a472476b18.

Caulfield, Michael. Four Moves (blog). https://fourmoves.blog/.

Caulfield, Michael. Four Moves（ブログ）. https://fourmoves.blog/.

Caulfield, Michael. n.d. Web Literacy for Student Fact-Checkers. Pressbooks. https://webliteracy.pressbooks.com/front-matter/web-strategies-for-student-fact-checkers/

Caulfield, Michael. n.d. Web Literacy for Student Fact-Checkers. Pressbooks. https://webliteracy.pressbooks.com/front-matter/web-strategies-for-student-fact-checkers/

Falsafaz. 2014. “How to Read Philosophy.” Falsafaz! Making Philosophy Easy (blog). May 22, 2014. https://falasafaz.wordpress.com/2014/05/22/how-to-read-philosophy/.

Falsafaz. 2014. “How to Read Philosophy.” Falsafaz! Making Philosophy Easy（ブログ）. May 22, 2014. https://falasafaz.wordpress.com/2014/05/22/how-to-read-philosophy/.

Graff, Gerald, and Birkenstein, Cathy. 2009. They Say, I Say: The Moves that Matter in Academic Writing. 2nd ed. New York: Norton & Norton.

Graff, Gerald, and Birkenstein, Cathy. 2009. They Say, I Say: The Moves that Matter in Academic Writing. 第2版. New York: Norton & Norton.

Symons, John. 2017. Formal Reasoning: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing.

Symons, John. 2017. Formal Reasoning: A Guide to Critical Thinking. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing.