第11章パーソナリティ
Introductionはじめに
Figure 11.1図 11.1
What makes two individuals have different personalities? (credit: Peter Gubernat)
二人の人間のパーソナリティを違ったものにしているのは何だろうか。(出典:Peter Gubernat)
Three months before William Jefferson Blythe III was born, his father died in a car accident. He was raised by his mother, Virginia Dell, and grandparents, in Hope, Arkansas. When he turned 4, his mother married Roger Clinton, Jr., an alcoholic who was physically abusive to William’s mother. Six years later, Virginia gave birth to another son, Roger. William, who later took the last name Clinton from his stepfather, became the 42nd president of the United States. While Bill Clinton was making his political ascendance, his half-brother, Roger Clinton, was arrested numerous times for drug charges, including possession, conspiracy to distribute cocaine, and driving under the influence, serving time in jail. Two brothers, raised by the same people, took radically different paths in their lives. Why did they make the choices they did? What internal forces shaped their decisions? Personality psychology can help us answer these questions and more.
英語のヒント
ウィリアム・ジェファーソン・ブライス3世が生まれる3か月前、父親が自動車事故で亡くなった。ウィリアムはアーカンソー州ホープで、母親のヴァージニア・デルと祖父母に育てられた。ウィリアムが4歳になったとき、母親はロジャー・クリントン・ジュニアと結婚した。この人物はアルコール依存症で、ウィリアムの母親に身体的な暴力を振るっていた。その6年後、ヴァージニアはもう一人の息子ロジャーを産んだ。のちに継父の姓クリントンを名乗るようになったウィリアムは、第42代アメリカ合衆国大統領となった。ビル・クリントンが政界で台頭していくあいだに、異父弟のロジャー・クリントンは薬物関連の容疑で何度も逮捕された。容疑には、薬物の所持、コカイン密売の共謀、酒や薬物の影響下での運転などがあり、ロジャーは刑務所で服役もした。同じ人々に育てられた二人の兄弟が、人生でまったく異なる道を歩んだのである。なぜ二人は、あのような選択をしたのだろうか。どのような内的な力が、二人の決断を形づくったのだろうか。パーソナリティ心理学は、こうした問いをはじめとするさまざまな問いに答えるうえで、私たちの助けになりうる。
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