第11章政治哲学Political Philosophy

Summaryまとめ

The concept of political legitimacy grounds the authority of a political system. This is important because it is difficult to defend the right to rule if a system of government is not accepted by the people. The sociologist Max Weber identifies three sources of legitimacy: traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal. If we accept the legitimacy of a political system, then one must consider what obligations exist between the state and its citizens—and what avenues exist if these obligations are not met. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Medgar Evers, and other members of the civil rights movement recognized the legitimacy of the United States government but felt it was not fulfilling its obligations to all of its citizens equally.

政治的正統性の概念は、政治制度の権威を基礎づける。統治制度が人々に受け入れられていなければ、その統治権を擁護するのは難しいため、この概念は重要である。社会学者マックス・ウェーバーは、正統性の源を、伝統的、カリスマ的、合法的・合理的という三つに分ける。政治制度の正統性を受け入れるなら、国家と市民の間にどのような義務があるか、また、その義務が果たされない場合、どのような道があるかを検討しなければならない。マーティン・ルーサー・キング・ジュニア博士、メドガー・エヴァース、公民権運動の他の参加者は、アメリカ合衆国政府の正統性を認めたが、政府がすべての市民への義務を平等に果たしていないと考えた。

Review Questions復習問題

What is the state of nature, according to Thomas Hobbes?

トマス・ホッブズによれば、自然状態とは何か。

Identify Max Weber’s three sources of legitimacy.

マックス・ウェーバーの、正統性の三つの源を挙げよう。

What is normative legitimacy?

規範的正統性とは何か。

What role does the concept of ahimsa play in politics, according to Gandhi?

ガンディーによれば、アヒンサーの概念は政治でどのような役割を果たすか。

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