第16章鏡とレンズMirrors and Lenses原書 p.495–540

aberration a distortion in an image produced by a lens

収差 レンズが作る像の歪み

angle of incidence the angle, with respect to the normal, at which a ray meets a boundary between media or a reflective surface

入射角 光線が媒質どうしの境目や反射面に出会うときの、法線に対する角度

angle of reflection the angle, with respect to the normal, at which a ray leaves a reflective surface

反射角 光線が反射面を離れるときの、法線に対する角度

angle of refraction the angle between the normal and the refracted ray

屈折角 法線と屈折光線の間の角度

central axis a line perpendicular to the center of a lens or mirror extending in both directions

中心軸 レンズや鏡の中心で面に垂直で、両方向に延びる線

chromatic aberration an aberration related to color

色収差 色に関わる収差

concave lens a lens that causes light rays to diverge from the central axis

凹レンズ 光線を中心軸から発散させるレンズ

concave mirror a mirror with a reflective side that is curved inward

凹面鏡 反射する側が内側へ曲がった鏡

converging lens a convex lens

集束レンズ

convex lens a lens that causes light rays to converge toward the central axis

凸レンズ のこと 凸レンズ 光線を中心軸のほうへ集めるレンズ

convex mirror a mirror with a reflective side that is curved outward

凸面鏡 反射する側が外側へ曲がった鏡

critical angle an incident angle that produces an angle of refraction of 90°

臨界角 屈折角90°を生む入射角

dispersion separation of white light into its component wavelengths

分散 白い光をそれを作っている波長に分けること

diverging lens a concave lens

発散レンズ 凹レンズのこと

focal length the distance from the focal point to the mirror

焦点距離 焦点から 鏡までの距離

focal point the point at which rays converge or appear to converge

焦点 光線が集まる、あるいは集まるように見える点

incident ray the incoming ray toward a medium boundary or a reflective surface

入射光線 媒質の境目や反射面へ向かって入ってくる光線

index of refraction the speed of light in a vacuum divided by the speed of light in a given material

屈折率 真空中の光の速さを、ある材料の中の光の速さで割ったもの

law of reflection the law that indicates the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence

反射の法則 反射角が入射角に等しいことを示す法則

law of refraction the law that describes the relationship between refractive indices of materials on both sides of a boundary and the change in the path of light crossing the boundary, as given by the equation $n_{\text{1}}\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{1}}=n_{\text{2}}\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{2}}$

屈折の法則 境目の両側の材料の屈折率と、境目を横切る光の道筋の変化との関係を、式$n_{\text{1}}\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{1}}=n_{\text{2}}\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{2}}$で述べる法則

ray light traveling in a straight line

光線 直線に沿って進む光

real image an optical image formed when light rays converge and pass through the image, producing an image that can be projected onto a screen

実像 光線が集まって像を通り抜けることでできる光学の像。スクリーンに投影できる像を作る

refracted ray the light ray after it has been refracted

屈折光線 屈折したあとの光線

Snell’s law the law of refraction expressed mathematically as $n_{\text{1}}\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{1}}=n_{\text{2}}\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{2}}$

スネルの法則 屈折の法則を数式で表したもので$n_{\text{1}}\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{1}}=n_{\text{2}}\text{sin}{\theta }_{\text{2}}$

total internal reflection reflection of light traveling through a medium with a large refractive index at a boundary of a medium with a low refractive index under conditions such that refraction cannot occur

全反射 屈折率の大きい媒質の中を進む光が、屈折率の小さい媒質との境目で、屈折が起こりえない条件のもとで反射すること

virtual image the point from which light rays appear to diverge without actually doing so

虚像 光線が実際にはそうしていないのに、そこから広がって出てくるように見える点