第17章回折と干渉Diffraction and Interference原書 p.541–566

differential interference contrast (DIC) separating a polarized light source into two beams polarized at right angles to each other and coherent with each other then, after passing through the sample, recombining and realigning the beams so they have the same plane of polarization, and then creating an interference pattern caused by the differences in their optical path and the refractive indices of the parts of the sample they passed through; the result is an image with contrast and shadowing that could not be observed with traditional optics

微分干渉コントラスト(DIC) 偏った光源を、 互いに直角に偏り互いに可干渉な二つの光束に分け、試料を通り抜けたあと、偏りの面が同じになるように光束を再び合わせて揃え、通り抜けた試料の部分の光路と屈折率の違いによる干渉の模様を作ること。その結果、従来の光学では見られないコントラストと陰影を持つ像が得られる

diffraction bending of a wave around the edges of an opening or an obstacle

回折 開口や障害物の縁のまわりで波が曲がること

diffraction grating many of evenly spaced slits having dimensions such that they produce an interference pattern

回折格子 干渉の模様を作るような寸法を持つ、等間隔に並んだ多数のすきま

Huygens’s principle Every point on a wavefront is a source of wavelets that spread out in the forward direction at the same speed as the wave itself; the new wavefront is a line tangent to all of the wavelets.

ホイヘンスの原理 波面上のすべての点は、波そのものと同じ速さで前方へ広がっていく素元波の源である。新しい波面は、すべての素元波に接する線である。