プリンピキア

第17章回折と干渉Diffraction and Interference原書 p.541–566

Key Equations重要な式

17.1 Understanding Diffraction and Interference17.1 回折と干渉を理解する

speed of light, frequency, and wavelength

光の速さ、振動数、波長

speed of light, frequency, and wavelengthc=fλ

change of wavelength with index of refraction

屈折率による波長の変化

change of wavelength with index of refractionλ n =λ n

two-slit constructive interference

二重スリットの強め合う干渉

dsinθ=mλ, for m = 0, 1, −1, 2, −2, …

dsinθ=mλ、m = 0, 1, −1, 2, −2, …について

two-slit destructive dsinθ=(m+½)λ , for m = 0, 1, −1, 2, interference −2, …

二重スリットの弱め合う干渉 dsinθ=(m+½)λ、m = 0, 1, −1, 2, −2, …について

iridescence the effect that occurs when tiny, fingerlike structures in regular patterns act as reflection gratings, producing constructive interference that gives feathers colors not solely due to their pigmentation

構造色 規則正しく並んだ小さな指のような構造が反射格子としてはたらき、強め合う干渉を生んで、色素だけによらない色を羽に与える効果

laser acronym for a device that produces light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

レーザー 放射の誘導放出による光の増幅を行う装置を指す頭字語

monochromatic one color

単色の 一つの色の

monochromator device that separates the various wavelengths of incoming light and allows a beam with only a specific wavelength to pass through

分光器(モノクロメーター) 入ってくる光のいろいろな波長を分け、特定の波長だけの光束を通す装置

Rayleigh criterion two images are just resolvable when the center of the diffraction pattern of one is directly over the first minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other

レイリーの基準 一方の回折の模様の中心が、もう一方の回折の模様の最初の極小のちょうど真上に来るとき、二つの像はかろうじて分解できる

resolution degree to which two images can be distinguished from one another, which is limited by diffraction

分解能 二つの像を互いに区別できる度合い。回折によって制限される

wavefront points on a wave surface that all share an identical, constant phase

波面 波の面上で、同じ一定の位相を持つ点

17.2 Applications of Diffraction, Interference, and Coherence17.2 回折・干渉・可干渉性の応用

• The focused, coherent radiation emitted by lasers has many uses in medicine and industry.• Characteristics of diffraction patterns produced with diffraction gratings can be determined.• Diffraction gratings have been incorporated in many instruments, including microscopes and spectrometers.• Resolution has a limit that can be predicted.

・レーザーが放つ、絞られた可干渉な放射は医学と産業で多くの使い道がある。・回折格子が作る回折の模様の特徴は決められる。・回折格子は、顕微鏡や分光器を含む多くの器械に組み込まれている。・分解能には予測できる限界がある。

one-slit, first-order destructive interference; wavelength related to dimensions

単スリットの1次の弱め合う干渉。波長と寸法の関係

one-slit, first-order destructive interference; wavelength related to dimensionsDy L =λ

one-slit destructive interference

単スリットの弱め合う干渉

17.2 Applications of Diffraction, Interference, and Coherence17.2 回折・干渉・可干渉性の応用

wavelength change with change in medium

媒質の変化による波長の変化

diffraction grating constructive interference

回折格子の強め合う干渉

resolution

分解能

diffraction grating constructive interferencedsinθ=mλ
resolutionθ=1.22λ D
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