第13章ハイブリッドマルチクラウドのデジタルソリューション開発

IBM Blockchain Platform (IBP) is an IBM Cloud offering that is built on Fabric, a blockchain infrastructure provided by the open-source Hyperledger project. IBP provides an integrated developer experience with smart contracts that can be easily coded in Node, Golang, or Java. You can use the new IBM Blockchain VS Code extension to write client applications, based on the IBP console’s integration of the Fabric SDK. IBP offers the possibility of deploying only the necessary components to connect to multiple channels and networks, while you maintain control of identities in your environment. Flexible and scalable, IBP can be run in any environment that IBM Cloud Private (ICP) supports, including LinuxONE. IBP simplifies the development and management of a blockchain network. It lets you accomplish the following tasks with just a few clicks in the easy-to-use interface:

• automated deployment of Fabric

• creation of custom governance policies

• initial development

• deployment of the application into production, including the creation of channels and deployment of chaincode

• inviting new members into the network and managing identity credentials over time

LinuxONE is engineered for high-performance, large-scale data and cloud services. A single LinuxONE platform consolidates hundreds of x86 cores. The platform’s dedicated I/O processors allow you to move massive amounts of data while maintaining data integrity. The option to have dedicated cryptographic processors that supplement the standard CPUs means encryption for data at rest and for data in transit. Partitions within IBM’s Secure Service Container (SSC) technology help to protect data and applications from internal and external threats.

The IBM Blockchain solution leverages Kubernetes (K8s), which is an open-source system for the automation of deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. The Kubernetes framework runs distributed systems resiliently and takes care of scaling requirements, failover, deployment patterns, and so forth. Kubernetes restarts containers that fail, replaces containers, kills containers that do not respond to your user-defined health check, and does not advertise them to be used until they are ready to serve. The key aspects of Kubernetes include the following:

• service discovery and load balancing

• storage orchestration

• automated rollouts and rollbacks

• automatic bin packing

• self-healing

• secret configuration management

Other components of the IBM Blockchain solution include IBM Cloud Private (ICP), GlusterFS, MIBM Secure Service Container, and the IBM Blockchain Platform. ICP is a private cloud platform for enterprises to develop and run workloads locally. It consists of PaaS and developer services that are needed to create, run, and manage cloud applications. GlusterFS is a scalable network file system suitable for data-intensive tasks such as cloud storage and media streaming. It aggregates various storage servers into one large parallel network file system. IBM Secure Service Container (SSC) provides the base infrastructure on LinuxONE for container-based applications, either for hybrid or private cloud environments. This secure computing environment delivers tamper-resistant installation and runtime operations.

Oracle also provides a blockchain platform. As illustrated in Figure 13.14, Oracle’s blockchain components include a network of validating nodes (i.e., peers), a distributed ledger (i.e., linked blocks, world state, and history database), an ordering service for creating blocks, and membership services for managing organizations in a permissioned blockchain.

The smart contracts (chaincode) layer consists of chaincode programs that contain the business logic for updating the ledger, querying data, and/or publishing events. Chaincodes can read the ledger data to verify conditions as part of any proposed updates or deletes and trigger custom events. Updates and deletes are proposed or simulated and are not final until transactions are committed following consensus and validation protocols. New or existing applications can register/enroll organizations as members, submit transactions (invoke smart contracts) to update or query data, and consume events emitted by the chaincodes or by the blockchain platform.

The Oracle Blockchain Platform is based on the Hyperledger Fabric project from the Linux Foundation, and it extends the open-source version of Hyperledger Fabric. Preassembled PaaS, Oracle’s Blockchain Platform, includes all the dependencies required to support a blockchain network such as compute, storage, containers, identity services, event services, and management services. The Oracle Blockchain Platform includes the blockchain network console to support integrated operations.