第5章アルゴリズムのハードウェアによる実現：コンピューターシステム設計

removal of unimportant elements of a program or computer code that distract from its process

location in the memory that contains the required data

unit code or unique binary number

piece of hardware inside the CPU that performs computations and logical operations such as comparisons

takes the assembly program that takes I/O that contains the equivalent of an assembly program

low-level language that is designed to be computer friendly

binary digit made up of 1 or 0

group of pages in flash memory

data pathway

8 bits

data found in the cache needed by the processor

memory that allows for high-speed retrieval of data

when the cache is empty so it does not have the needed data

very small electrical component that stores an electric charge

complex architecture structure that assists in executing such operations as mathematical computations and memory storage

storage mechanism for data

small memory board that contains several memory banks

collection of libraries that may be linked during execution or while the program is running

consists of a large number of capacitors

program stored inside a computer

tells a program if a condition has been met

type of nonvolatile storage that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed is called

one with a decimal point in the middle

stores data on rotating platter, has a very large capacity, and uses a small motor to rotate platters to get the data

stores dynamically allocated data

design feature where CPUs are different in speed, power, or efficiency

most evolved method by which a human can direct a computer on how to perform tasks and applications

number, usually a percentage, of times the cache was used to retrieve data

when CPUs are copies of each other in design

standard format used by computers that support floating points with very few exceptions

interface that helps the CPU talk to other I/O devices such as a keyboard or mouse

set of instructions recognized by each processor family

variable name that we give to an assembly instruction

collection of files, functions, or scripts that are cited within a program’s code

puts the executable into memory and arranges its content in a specific way to make it ready for execution by the processor

when a processor repeatedly visits the same memory locales

main building block that forms the processor

arrangement of storage available on a computer system usually in the form of a triangle

architecture, or design, of the processor or microprocessor

type of logic gate used to store bits in flash memory

nontraditional computer built to act like a simplified version of the brain

designates output of the assembler

obtained by flipping each 1 in the original binary number to 0 and each 0 to 1

value used as an input for an operator

only piece of software that can directly access the hardware

technique where each piece of the process does the work needed by the following piece

another name for the CPU

register that keeps track of instructions to be executed

assembly instruction that does not have a counterpart in the machine code

allows the process to access any part of the memory in any order

simple instructions

regular operation that DRAM memory does by adding charges to memory cells in order to lose the data stored as charges

memory unit that functions at a very high speed

group of registers

when the OS manages which program to use with what part of the hardware at any given time

integer that can be negative or positive (sign of + or –)

when two or more programs execute on the processor at the same time

stores data on a chip and is two to three orders of magnitude faster than HDD

idea that if a program accesses data in a consecutive manner, it gets better performance

type of parallelism capability

used to store local variables

keeps data in the computer’s memory as long as the machine is powered on

execution unit that allows several instructions to be executed at the same time using spatial parallelism

reuses cached data to get better performance

allows for different pipeline phases to work on different instructions

lets an electric current pass (on state) or blocks it (off state)

circuitry that controls the flash memory

one’s complement with 1 added

non-negative integer that starts from 0

another set of instructions and another set of registers for floating points

technique the OS uses to isolate different programs from each other so they do not overwrite each other’s data or corrupt each other’s files