第2章計算論的思考と設計の再利用性

1. What term is a problem-solving and cognitive process rooted in principles derived from computer science that involves breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts and devising systematic approaches to solve them? a. abstraction b. decomposition c. computational thinking d. recursion

2. What shape in a flowchart represents a decision point? a. oval b. parallelogram c. rectangle d. diamond

3. What does pseudocode spell out in natural language? a. an algorithm b. a test case to debug c. a flowchart d. the programming language of choice

4. After a test case fails, what is the next step to determine the cause of the failure?

5. What are the key elements of CT that distinguish CT from other types of problem-solving strategies?

6. What is the primary difference between a heuristic and a pattern? a. A heuristic is a general rule used for quick problem-solving when an exact solution is not possible, while a pattern is a repeatable solution to a commonly occurring problem. b. A heuristic and a pattern are both specific guidelines used to achieve exact solutions in complex problems. c. A heuristic is used for creating new designs, whereas a pattern refers to repeating decorative motifs. d. There is no difference; both terms refer to specific scientific methods used in research.

7. What level of architecture is described as having a narrower scope, a detailed blueprint, and a lower level of abstraction? a. system architecture b. technical architecture c. enterprise architecture d. solution architecture

8. What level of architecture is described as having a wider scope, a vague plan for the entire organization, and a higher level of abstraction? a. system architecture b. technical architecture c. enterprise architecture d. solution architecture

9. What component holds the business logic for the business solution or application? a. presentation layer b. data management layer c. business logic layer d. business process hierarchy

10. What is the difference between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom?

11. Explain why an information system architecture is considered an architecture view in TOGAF.

12. Once architectural similarities have been identified between the architecture of a new problem and existing architectural solutions, what is required to apply these patterns effectively? a. a comprehensive understanding of the new problem’s requirements and constraints b. the ability to modify existing patterns to fit the new problem’s unique context c. both a comprehensive understanding of the new problem’s requirements and the ability to modify existing patterns d. approval from a higher authority to use the identified patterns

13. In the Model-View-Controller, what layer is responsible for acting as an intermediary between two layers? a. view b. model c. business logic d. controller

14. What does Web 3.0 provide that Web 2.0 did not? a. dynamic web pages as opposed to only static web pages b. represents a vision for the future of the Internet characterized by advanced technologies c. shifted from HTTP to HTTPS d. based on JSON as opposed to HTML

15. A smart home with a thermostat, a refrigerator, and lights that all can be controlled remotely is an example of devices that can be described with what terminology? a. Internet of Things (IoT) b. machine learning c. hybrid cloud application d. solutions continuum

16. Why doesn’t TOGAF provide prescriptive methods to create and manage repositories of architectural patterns?

17. What is a responsive web application?

18. What is a cloud mashup?

1. Think of a complex problem—one that can be broken into many layers of smaller problems. Explain how computational thinking could help you develop a solution to your complex problem.

2. Look at the following pseudocode that describes an algorithm to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich: a. Get the peanut butter. b. Get the jelly. c. Get the bread. d. Open the peanut butter jar. e. Open the jelly jar. f. Open the bread. g. Take out slice of bread. h. Take out another slice of bread. i. Dip the knife into the peanut butter. j. Spread the peanut butter on one slice of bread. k. Dip the knife into the jelly. l. Spread the jelly on the other slice of bread. m. Put the two slices of bread together.

Write a new algorithm that utilizes abstraction to simplify the number of steps of the original algorithm and can be used as a pattern to make any sandwich.

3. Research what the Fibonacci number sequence is. Write the pseudocode to compute the nth number in the Fibonacci number sequence. Utilize recursion to model a pattern of computation.

4. Create a model that describes the business of running your daily life. Please note that this is not suggesting that you should run your life as a business. Hint: To answer this question, think about the various players, locations, and processes involved in your daily activities and create simple models that mimic the structure provided for the trading business model in the current chapter section.

5. Draw an application architecture diagram for a business solution that uses smart contracts for payment and transactions logging purposes. Feel free to leverage some of the figures from this chapter, rather than create something new.